According to Greek mythology, Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, married Atlas’ daughter, Merope, and owned a fine herd of cattle on the isthmus of Corinth. He founded Ephyra, later known as Corinth and peopled it with man sprung from mushrooms.
The River-god Asopus came to Corinth in search of his missing daughter, Aegina, whereupon Sisyphus, in exchange for perennial spring, disclosed Zeus’ abduction of her.
Infuriated with Sisyphus for his betrayal of divine secrets, Zeus ordered his brother Hades to fetch Sisyphus down to Tartarus for everlasting punishment. He was compelled for eternity to roll a stone to the top of a steep hill that always rolled down again.
They had thought with some reason that there is no more dreadful punishment than futile and hopeless labor.
However, according to Albert Camus, a French existentialist, in The Myth of Sisyphus, a 1942 philosophical essay, he states that ...
Myths are made for the imagination to breathe life into them. As for this myth, one sees merely the whole effort of a body straining to raise the huge stone, to roll it, and push it up a slope a hundred times over; one sees the face screwed up, the cheek tight against the stone, the shoulder bracing the clay-covered mass, the foot wedging it, the fresh start with arms outstretched, the wholly human security of two earth-clotted hands. At the very end of his long effort measured by skyless space and time without depth, the purpose is achieved. Then Sisyphus watches the stone rush down in a few moments toward that lower world whence he will have to push it up again toward the summit. He goes back down to the plain.
It is during that return, that pause, that Sisyphus interests me. A face that toils so close to stones is already stone itself! I see that man going back down with a heavy yet measured step toward the torment of which he will never know the end. That hour like a breathing-space which returns as surely as his suffering, that is the hour of consciousness. At each of those moments when he leaves the heights and gradually sinks toward the lairs of the gods, he is superior to his fate. He is stronger than his rock.
I leave Sisyphus at the foot of the mountain! One always finds one's burden again. But Sisyphus teaches the higher fidelity that negates the gods and raises rocks. He too concludes that all is well. This universe henceforth without a master seems to him neither sterile nor futile. Each atom of that stone, each mineral flake of that night filled mountain, in itself forms a world. The struggle itself toward the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy.
~Albert Camus
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